The latest analysis from IEER looks at unreported income and explores their spatial variations using mathematical and statistical tools. This assessment measured sub-regional income and consumption data from 2010. The results estimate that unreported income represents 17.3% of total - both reported and unreported - income. The estimated unreported income was adjusted to a constant value so that at the national level the rate of unreported income is 18%.
In terms of regional differences it can be established that the proportion of income from the hidden economy is lower than average in high-income areas and those areas where the local economy and labour market are based on a few large companies. Most significant is the proportion of unreported income in areas where income corresponds to the regional average or slightly below. Another important finding is that only a quarter of small regions have an unreported income rate of less than 18%, whilst half of the country's population live in these areas.